<logic, philosophy of science> a symbol (usually lowercase letters such as a, b, c, etc.) used to represent a specific thing in quantification theory.
[A Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names]
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<ethics, metaphysics> 1. while the word individualism usually pertains to ethics, we can also speak of metaphysical individualism (that only particular, individual things exist - see concretism and nominalism), epistemological individualism (that only individual minds can come to have knowledge), political individualism (respect for individual rights), and methodological individualism (as in Austrian economics). In ethics, individualism refers to the principle that it is the unique, unrepeatable person who should be the beneficiary of action, not any sort of collective entity (thus individualism is essentially the same as egoism and is opposed to ethical collectivism). Most varieties of ethical individualism are brands of eudaimonism, but this is not true of, for example, existentialism or stoicism. In popular usage, the connotations of "individualism" can be positive or negative, depending on who is using the term. Though it is a positive word for many people, the term can imply a kind of atomism that necessarily puts a low or even negative value on relations with other people. (References from altruism, Aristotelianism, Buddhism, egoism, gnosticism, hedonism, humanism, naturalism, stoicism, transcendentalism, and utilitarianism.)
2. see internalism
Based on [The Ism Book]
Edited by Giovanni Benzi
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<logic, philosophy of science, universalism> also called particulars are single things (e.g., Socrates) as opposed to properties or kinds of things (humanity or humankind). The latter are universals. Individuals are typically the sorts of things named by proper names (e.g., "Socrates") whereas universals are associated with general words such as verbs (e.g., "teaches"), common nouns (e.g., "man"), and adjectives (e.g., "human").
<logic> The objects or elements taken as the subjects of the predicates of first-order predicate logic.
See constant, domain, variable
[Glossary of First-Order Logic]
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<logic, philosophy of science> a symbol (usually lowercase letters such as x, y, z, etc.) used to represent any individual generally in quantification theory.
[A Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names]
Try this search on OneLook / Google