<metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of science, epicureism> <hard determinism, compatibilism, libertarianism, ontology> the position according to which all physical events and human actions are determined or settled (by external forces) before they happen. In other words, determinists deny the existence of freely chosen human activity, and the more consistent determinists even deny any personal responsibility for human actions. Determinists are usually, in fact almost exclusively, adherents of materialism although there are social or economic determinists also, especially those influenced by Marxism. Determinism means pretty much the same thing in practice as it does in philosophical theory, except that popularly it has connotations of fatalism. In some technical discussions determinism is called necessitarianism, the opposite of which is libertarianism. (References from automatism, fatalism, historical determinism, indeterminism, libertarianism, materialism, necessitarianism, physicalism, reductionism, and vitalism.)
Based on [The Ism Book]
Edited by Giovanni Benzi
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