<biography, history of philosophy> American psychologist (1936- ). Gilligan's In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development (1983) applies psychological research on female adolescents to theories of moral development, discovering in women a greater inclination toward an "ethics of care," characterized by focus on responsibilities within particular human relationships, than toward the male "ethics of justice," with its emphasis on rules and rights conceived in general terms. In Mapping the Moral Domain (1988), Gilligan further examines the social significance of her psychological theories. Recommended Reading: Susan J. Hekman, Moral Voices, Moral Selves: Carol Gilligan and Feminist Moral Theory (Penn. State, 1995) and Caring Voices and Women's Frames: Gilligan's View, ed. by Bill Puka (Garland, 1994).
[A Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names]
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