casuistry; categorical logic; categorical proposition; categorical syllogism; categorical term; category; category mistake; catharsis; cause - effect; causes the four; Cavendish Margaret; Celarent; Cesare; chain of being; Charron Pierre; Chisholm Roderick M.; Chomsky Noam Avram; Chrysippus; Church Alonzo; Cicero Marcus Tullius; circularity; Cixous Hélène; Clarke Samuel; clear and distinct;