1. Società di studi, autori e homepage



RENAISSANCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Since 1954 the Renaissance Society of America has been the leading organization in the Americas for the interdisciplinary study of the period 1300-1650 in Western history.
Renaissance links (NEW), from the University of Chicago.




CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR RENAISSANCE STUDIES/ SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE D'ÉTUDES DE LA RENAISSANCE
La Société canadienne d'études de la Renaissance a pour vocation d'encourager les études multidisciplinaires dans les deux langues officielles auprès des étudiants et chercheurs. Le site contient matériaux, informations, liens etc. sur la Renaissance européenne.




Société Française d'Étude du Seizième Siècle
Site de recente construction. Les pages de la SFDES sont hébergées depuis le 05 décembre 2001 par le Centre d'Études Supérieures de la Renaissance - Tours - Lien vers le site EPISTEMON - Gestion: marie-luce.demonet@univ-tours.fr  




SOCIÉTÉ INTERNATIONALE D'ÉTUDE DU DIX-HUITIÈME SIÈCLE (SIEDS)
Site des Sociétés nationales membres de la SIEDS, avec la liste des adresses web, coordonnées des responsables, activités etc.




Società Italiana di Studi sul Secolo XVIII
È stato aperto e può essere liberamente consultato il nuovo sito della Società, attivissima nel campo degli studi sul Settecento. È coordinato da A. Postigliola e R. Minuti con l'apporto operativo di S. Todi e C. Parizzone. Consigli e suggerimenti sono benvenuti (A. Postigliola, via Città di Castello 13, 00191 Roma). 


 Société Française d'Étude du XVIIIe Siècle
Le nouveau site de la grande société de recherche, avec des renseignements on-line sur les différentes activités, colloques, publications, séries etc.




Institut des Sciences de l'Homme
Le site de l'Institut contient beaucoup d'information sur les activité des Maisons des Sciences de l'Homme dans toute la France et un link très intéressant à la Chaire Lyonnaise des Droits de l'Homme.




Société Mathématique de France
Fondée en 1872, la Société Mathématique de France est l'une des plus anciennes sociétés savantes pour les mathématiques dans le monde. Association loi 1901, reconnue d'utilité publique, elle a pour but « l'avancement et la propagation des études de Mathématiques pures et appliquées ». La Société arrête à concours un "Prix D'Alembert".




The British Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies
The British Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies promotes the study of all aspects of eighteenth-century cultural history. 
BSECS is open to anyone interested in any aspect of the eighteenth century.  Its members are scholars and members of the public from all all over the world with a diverse range of interests in the history, art history , architecture, literature and culture of the eighteenth century. 
The Society publishes the British Journal for Eighteenth Century Studies twice a year, and a bulletin every quarter. It organises a major conference every January, and supports a number of smaller regional conferences throughout the year. It is affiliated to the International Society for Eighteenth Century Studies.
 



Deutsche Gesellschaft für die Erforschung des 18. Jahrhunderts
Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für die Erforschung des 18. Jahrhunderts e.V. ist ein Zusammenschluß von zirka 900 Wissenschaftlern und wissenschaftlichen Institutionen in Deutschland und im Ausland. Sie setzt sich die Erforschung der für das 18. Jahrhundert relevanten Fragen sowie deren geistesgeschichtlicher und systematischer Bedeutung zur Aufgabe. Sitz der Gesellschaft ist die Herzog August Bibliothek.  In Zusammenarbeit mit der Abteilung Forschungsprojekte der Bibliothek befaßt sie sich mit Fragen zu wirkungs-, rezeptions- und ideengeschichtlichen Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten seit der Frühen Neuzeit in den hierfür bedeutsamen Disziplinen wie der Theologie, Geschichtsforschung, Medizingeschichte, Literatur, Anthropologie und Wissenschaftsgeschichte.
 



American Society of Eighteenth-Century Studies
Sponsors annual meeting, publishes Eighteenth-century Studies and Studies in eighteenth-century culture, awards Jenkins, Gottschalk and Clifford Prizes for books and articles. Secretary : Byron R. Wells, P.O. Box 7867, Wake Forest University, NC 27109, U.S.A.; e-mail ASECS@wfu.edu. The Mid-Western American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies
 

SECAS - The Society for Eighteenth-Century American Studies
SECAS is the Early American Studies affiliate of the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies (ASECS). The Society's newsletter, Publick Occurrences both Forreign and Domestick, is issued twice a year-Fall and Spring. SECAS aims to provide a forum for scholars of early American culture, construed as broadly as possible. Like its parent society, ASECS, SECAS draws its membership from a wide range of disciplines: art history, philosophy, history, political science, law, English and comparative literature, and others.
 

UCLA Center for Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Studies
The UCLA Center for Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Studies and the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library are united under the administrative direction of the Center and UCLA's College of Letters and Science. The goals of this combined unit are to encourage and facilitate the study of the early modern period and to develop, expand, and utilize the holdings and resources of the Clark. The Center/Clark seeks to foster innovative, interdisciplinary research, encourage public participation in its programs, and respond to the needs of the larger national and international scholarly community.
 

Centre de recherche sur la littérature des voyages
- L'Annuaire des chercheurs (plus de quatre cents), avec leur bibliographie récente. Possibilité d'interrogations par sujets de recherche.
- La Bibliographie de la littérature de voyage en langue française (BLVF. Sources primaires imprimées et manuscrites. Interrogations selon divers critères offerts par le serveur.
- Le site Fabula, sur la théorie et la poétique littéraires (littérarité et fictionalité, histoire des poétiques, problématiques de la représentation et des genres littéraires, théories de l'auteur, de la réception et de la lecture).
- La Lettre du voyageur. 8 numeros.
- Le programme de ses colloques.
 

Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento
L'Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento di Firenze ha per statuto il compito di promuovere, coordinare e diffondere gli studi sul Rinascimento mediante: la pubblicazione di testi, studi e periodici; l'istituzione di una Biblioteca e di una Fototeca specializzata con annessi schedari bibliografici e una raccolta di microfilms; il conferimento di borse e sussidi di studio; l'organizzazione di conferenze, convegni, congressi, corsi di lezioni e seminari; l'ordinamento di mostre d'arte e bibliografiche. L'Istituto pubblica, con cadenza mensile, una Newsletter sulle proprie attività sociali.
Very interesting and useful site

Renaissance-France.Org
Le portail de la Renaissance française. Textes de Rabelais, Montaignes et d'autres auteurs, XVIe siècle. 




Renaissance Variation 1
Site de l'Université de Tours, il contient plusieurs entrées sur différents sujets concernant la Renaissance, «Le Prince, l'artiste et l'ngénieur», «Le Prince, le poète, le musicien», «Le Prince, le théologien et le prophète», «Le Prince, la scène, le pouvoir».




Centro di Studi rinascimentali di Tours
Sito ricco di informazioni e di links per tutti coloro che si occupano di filosofie del Rinascimento, della natura e della politica, che fanno, in quest'età do'oro della storia delle idee, tutt'uno...




Tommaso Campanella
Sito del progetto Manuzio da visitare accanto alla pagina dell'Università della Calabria sul filosofo campano e il suo progetto filosofico-politico di un'utopia concreta, espressa nell'opera La Città del Sole. numerosi links e informazioni bibliografiche essenziali.




Giordano Bruno
Sito del Centro Internazionale di Studi Bruniani, che raccoglie molteplici infomazioni biografiche e bibliografiche sul nolano. Da segnalare anche la sintesi del pensiero di Bruno on line nello SWIF, a cura di A. Gilardoni.




Giordano Bruno
– Official Site dei seguaci del filosofo nolano (italiano, inglese, spagnolo).
– Pagina web dedicata al nolano, a cura di Diego Fusaro, con una raccolta di opere in formato elettronico.




Galileo Galilei
Sito della Rice University (USA) dedicato alla filosofia del grande scienziato italiano, fra i protagonisti della Rivoluzione scientifica dell'età moderna. Contiene anche il link ad un breve profilo di Bernardino Telesio, fautore di una filosofia della natura juxta propria principia, fuori di schemi interpretativi metafisici fittizi, lontani dal sensibile e dall'esperienza




Francis Bacon
Homepage del "filosofo dell'età industriale", completa di bibliografia, biografia e quotations dalle Works. Nella Home dello studioso M. Donnelly, troviamo raccolti in formato elettronico i Saggi di Bacon e un glossario dei termini.

CENTRO INTERDIPARTIMENTALE DI STUDI SU DESCARTES E IL SEICENTO
Portale dell'Università di Lecce, a cura della dott.ssa Antonella Del Prete. Resp. scientifico Prof.ssa Giulia Belgioioso. "Nemo ante me". Nell'originalità che Descartes riconosceva alla propria impresa filosofica vediamo oggi la consapevolezza dell'inizio del pensiero moderno.
Very interesting and useful site

Réné Descartes
Récueil d'écrits, de Descartes à William James, sur le Mind-Body Problem, par R. H. Wozniac.

Descartes scienziato
Profilo biografico e intelletuale del philosophe della Géometrie e degli scritti metematici, a cura di J J O'Connor and E F Robertson, della School of Mathematics and Statistics - University of St Andrews, Scotland. Offre una serie di links a risorse cartesiane e agli autori del medesimo contesto storico.
 

Arnold Geulincx (Antwerp 1624 - Leiden 1669)
Philos-website.de. Niederländischer Philosoph, der von 1646 bis 1658 Professor der Philosophie in Löwen war und nach seiner Entlassung zum Calvinismus übergetreten ist. 1665 wurde er Professor in Leiden. Geulincx ist einer der Hauptvertreter des Okkasionalismus, des »Systems der Gelegenheitsursachen«...

THOMAS HOBBES
Life and Works, Human Nature, Society, Bibliography, Internet Sources of the most relevant thinker in history of British philosophy

Spinoza on Web
Sito in lingua inglese che raccoglie le risorse di rete sulla filosofia di Spinoza, con una raccolta delle opere, in traduzione inglese, biografia e saggi critici d'interpretazione. Per una adeguata comprensione della terminologia spinoziana è disponibile un sito-Glossario relativo all'Etica e ai Trattati.

SPINOZA GESELLSCHAFT
Die Spinoza Gesellschaft e.V. zählt rund 190 aktive Mitglieder und gehört damit zwar nicht zu den grössten Philosophiegesellschaften in Deutschland, doch sie verfügt über eine eigene Schriftenreihe, ein jährlich erscheinendes internationales und interdisziplinäres Periodikum, sowie eine bereits beachtliche internationale Kongressaktivität.
Hinweis: Dies ist die Schweizer Seite der Gesellschaft.

Antony van Leeuwenhoek
Sito del grande sperimentatore e miscroscopista olandese, scopritore degli spermatozoi e dei batteri. Numerosi links a carattere scientifico.

John Locke
The enter J. Locke, by the INSTITUTEFOR LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES. webmaster@ilt.columbia.edu. Other links.

Centro di Studi Vichiani
Pagina a cura di Giuseppe Cacciatore e Silvia Caianiello, organo del CNR presso l'Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II". Ricca di risorse e strumenti utili alla ricerca.
Very interesting and useful site

Giambattista Vico Homepage 
Pagina in costruzione, contenente un "Integral searchable text of Vico's Scienza Nuova" (ed. 1744, Introduzione e libro I) e altre risorse, a cura del Department of English, della Northern Illinois University.
Vedi anche la pagina su Vico a cura del Centre d'Etudes sur Giambattista Vico, creato nel giugno 1997 nel quadro delle attività del C.E.R.PH.I. (Ecole Normale Supérieure de Fontenay/St-Cloud), con la collaborazione dell'Université Paris I (Centre d'histoire des systèmes de pensée modernes), la Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, il Centro di studi vichiani, l'Institut culturel italien de Paris.

David Hume Homepage
Created and maintained by D. Tycerium Lightner. Bibliography, electronic texts, events, images, discussion list, quotes.

INSTITUT ET MUSÉE VOLTAIRE
Homepage dell'Istituto e Museo Voltaire con sede a Ginevra, nella dimora in cui Voltaire soggiornò, in esilio, dal 1755 al 1750.
Indice: Voltaire e Le Delizie; Il Museo; La Biblioteca; La tribuna. L'Istituto cura inoltre una pubblicazione periodica (rivista elettronica) on-line: La Gazette des Délices.
Very interesting and useful site.

THE VOLTAIRE FOUNDATION
Home Page of the Voltaire Foundation in Great Britain. News, Editions, Books and the Review "Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century". International Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies (SIEDS): Constituent societies, Eighteenth-Century Scholars.


 

SOCIÉTÉ DES ÉTUDES VOLTAIRIENNES
Président d'honneur: William Barber; Présidente: Christiane Mervaud
Vice-présidents: Nicholas Cronk, Jean Dagen, Sylvain Menant
Secrétaire général: José-Michel Moureaux; Trésorier: Guillaume Métayer ; Secrétaires: Laurence Macé et Catriona Seth
Conseil d’administration: Marie-Hélène Cotoni, Michel Delon, François Moureau, Pierre Rétat, Jeroom Vercruysse, Charles Wirz.

La SEV, association loi de 1901 à vocation internationale, s’est donné pour but de susciter, encourager, coordonner toutes études, recherches, publications et manifestations relatives à Voltaire, et tout particulièrement de favoriser la réalisation de la grande entreprise scientifique qu’est l’édition critique des œuvres complètes à Oxford dont René Pomeau avait été l’un des initiateurs. La SEV s’inscrit ainsi dans une perspective résolument fédératrice, se proposant de faire dialoguer les chercheurs et les groupes de recherche.
Voltaire invitait les philosophes à "cultiver la vigne du Seigneur", c’est-à-dire à favoriser la diffusion de la philosophie : "Je ne connais rien de sérieux que la culture de la vigne, je vous la recommande". Nous vous invitons à nous rejoindre afin de cultiver à notre tour et ensemble la "vigne du Seigneur", en étudiant le message voltairien, en commentant ses œuvres, en donnant une édition critique de celles qui ne sont pas encore parues dans l’édition des Œuvres complètes en cours de publication à Oxford, bref, en faisant fructifier un précieux héritage dont le siècle que nous abordons aura sans doute autant besoin que celui qui s’achève. La création de la SEV témoigne avant tout, de la part de ses fondateurs, de leur indéfectible confiance dans les Lumières, de leur volonté de faire entendre, le mieux possible, l’une des plus grandes voix du dix-huitième siècle.
La première publication de la SEV, prévue pour l’année prochaine et qui sera offerte aux sociétaires, sera un "Hommage à René Pomeau" rassemblant des communications prononcées en son honneur en Sorbonne le 17 juin 2000. La SEV se propose de publier un Bulletin. Elle organisera également des colloques : celui de 2001 portera sur "Les notes de Voltaire". D’autres projets sont prévus : "Voltaire et Pascal", "Voltaire éditeur" et "Les pseudonymes de Voltaire". Loin d’être exhaustive, cette liste s’enrichira, nous l’espérons vivement, de vos suggestions qui seront toujours les bienvenues, car à nos yeux la SEV reste d’abord un lieu de rencontre et d’échange.
La Présidente: Ch. Mervaud.
Le Secrétaire général: J.-M. Moureaux.
Cotisation 20 euros / 132 FF (Étudiant non salarié :10 euros / 66 FF). Règlement par chèque bancaire ou postal (à l’ordre de la 8EV) à adresser au trésorier Guillaume MÉTAYER, CELLE (1, me Victor Cousin, 75230 Paris Cedex 05).

SOCIÉTÉ VOLTAIRE
Le 30 mai 2000, 222e anniversaire de la mort de Voltaire, a été créée la Société Voltaire, association 1901 à vocation internationale.
Son but est de susciter, favoriser, et coordonner toutes études, recherches, publications et manifestations savantes relatives à Voltaire, à sa personne, à sa vie et à son oeuvre, à sa pensée, à son influence et à tous autres aspects attachés à son nom.La cotisation annuelle est fixée à 25 euro (164 FF ou $25) - à 15 euro pour les étudiants (98 FF ou $15) - et la première cotisation couvre la période jusqu'au 31 décembre 2001. Pour adhérer à la société prière de compléter le bulletin on line et de nous le renvoyer par voie électronique, par fax ou par la poste.
La Société publiera une revue, les "Cahiers Voltaire", et un bulletin. Le premier numéro des "Cahiers Voltaire" est programmé pour mai 2001. La réunion annuelle de la société se tiendra dans différents lieux voltairiens et sera asociée à un colloque sur Voltaire et son époque.
Ses coordonnées sont: Société Voltaire, BP 44, 01212 Ferney-Voltaire cedex, France / tél. : +33(0)450280608 fax: +33(0)450401309.
 

The Voltaire Society of America
27th floor 666 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 e-mail: GarryApgar@aol.com. "In February 1996 it was announced that the magnificent privately owned house in which the writer and philosopher Voltaire spent the last 20 years of his life is for sale..."
 

Société Diderot
Le site WEB de la Société Diderot (Langres-Paris), contenant les nouvelles relatives aux activités, un résumé des articles parus dans les derniers numeros de "Recherches sur Diderot et sur l'Encyclopédie" (RDE) et des "links" aux textes on-line, a changé d'adresse. Cette page SWIF, entièrement consacrée à la philosophie de Denis Diderot (1713-1784), deviendra, dans les prochain mois, la Diderot Home Page (par P. Quintili).
Last Updated : february 2002.
 

GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR LE RÊVE DE D’ALEMBERT
Le Groupe de travail sur le Rêve de d‘Alembert, de Diderot, animé par Annie Ibrahim, Jean-Claude Bourdin et Colas Duflo, dans le cadre du Cerphi (Upres-a 5037, ENS Fontenay-Saint-Cloud) vous informe qu’il est désormais possible de consulter ses travaux sur le site Web de l’ENS. Vous y trouverez le texte ou un résumé des différents exposés prononcés dans nos séances, une bibliographie, le texte de la Suite d’un entretien, et le brouillon de quelques notes prises à l’occasion de notre travail de commentaire collectif sur ce texte.La relative nouveauté de la chose ne tient pas tant à la technique utilisée qu’au fait qu’elle permet d’initier une tentative de recherche collective étendue à la communauté entière des dix-huitiémistes chaque internaute est invité à venir ajouter des remarques, des références, des approfondissements, etc. au commentaire collectif du texte que nous proposons, et à contribuer ainsi à nos travaux. (Bien sûr, on peut aussi compléter la bibliographie, ou préciser tel ou tel point relatif aux exposés).
En attendant votre visite et vos contributions, bien cordialement, Colas Duflo. duflo@ens-fcl.fr.


 GROUPE DE RECHERCHE D’ALEMBERT
Œuvres complètes de d’Alembert, édition critique et commentée
Après un long travail préparatoire dû à l’éparpillement des sources et à la difficulté des textes scientifiques de d’Alembert, l’édition des œuvres de ce savant et encyclopédiste est entrée dans une phase nouvelle. Lors de son comité de lecture de mai, CNRS-Éditions a accepté le principe d’une publication en 35 forts volumes, étalée sur environ dix ans. Le comité d’édition est composé actuellement de sept personnes Eric Brian, Anne-Marie Chouillet, Michelle Chapront, François De Gandt, Christian Gilain, Irène Passeron et Jérôme Viard. Pour plus d’informations sur l’édition et les activités du groupe d’Alembert, consulter le site Web [le site est temporairement fermé].


  Rousseau
Sul "Rousseau cittadino di Ginevra" e le sue "fantasticherie" legate all'esperienza delle città europee, è da segnalare il sito dell'università di Ginevra in cui la vita e le opere del philosophe sono illustrate dalle immagini dei luoghi (non della sola Ginevra) da lui frequentati.


 Rousseau Association
Sito Web del WABASH COLLEGE, An Indipendent Arts College for Men. Crawfordsville, Indiana. Contiene numerose e utili risorse per lo studio della filosofia di Rousseau, in lingua inglese. Nuovo il link ad una Raccolta delle opere musicali del philosophe.

Condorcet
Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat Condorcet, Born: 17 Sept 1743 in Ribemont, France Died: 29 March 1794 in Bourg-la-Reine (near Paris), France.Home page du mathématicien par l'University of St Andrews , St Andrews, Scotland. 


 Immanuel Kant
SWIF's Kant site on the WEB. 


 Thomas Jefferson on Politics & Government
Quotations from the Writings of Thomas Jefferson.


 SOCIÉTÉ DES ÉTUDES STAËLIENNES
La Société des Études Staëliennes et sa présidente, Simone Balayé, ont le plaisir d’informer les dix-huitiémistes qu’elle dispose d’un site Internet (concepteur Thomas Jacqueau) consultable à l’adresse suivante: http://www.stael.org
Depuis peu, ce site s’est enrichi d’un forum de discussion où tous ceux qui le souhaitent peuvent échanger des informations ou poser des questions concernant les activités du groupe de Coppet et de ses membres, leurs rapports à l’héritage du siècle des Lumières et leur rayonnement durant tout le dix-neuvième siècle. Fondée en 1929, la Société, qui compte aujourd’hui plus de 200 membres à travers le monde, dispose d’une publication annuelle, les Cahiers staëliens. On peut aussi s’adresser à Florence Lotterie, secrétaire générale (7 rue Geiler, 67000 STRASBOURG - e-mail: secretaire@stael.org) ainsi qu’à Jean-Pierre Perchellet, trésorier (tresorier@stael.org).

SOCIÉTÉ DES AMIS DES POÈTES ROUCHER ET CHÉNIER
Nouveau bureau
Pour toute information concernant le règlement des cotisations, prière de vous adresser à: Marie Breguet, trésorière, 31 rue Vineuse, 75116 Paris. Pour toute correspondance sur un autre sujet, vous pouvez écrire à François Jacob, Secrétaire général, 32 D rue de Dole, 25000 Besançon. Pour joindre le président, vous pouvez écrire à l’adresse suivante Jean-Noël Pascal, UFR Lettres, Université de Toulouse Il, 31058 Toulouse Cédex 1. 
Enfin, pour les bulletins d’informations, toutes suggestions peuvent être adressées à: Catriona Seth, 109 rue Saint-Vivien, 76000 Rouen, ou à Gauthier Ambrus, 4 rue de l’Encyclopédie, ch-1204 Genève, Suisse.

 

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2. Aree e problemi della filosofia moderna
 
 

History of Western Philosophy from 1492 to 1776
Great Voyages : "If so great and considerable a part of the world as America is...was yet unknown to all the world besides for so many generations together; well may it be conceived, not only that some but many truths, yea and those of main concernment and importance, may yet be unknown."
--Thomas Godwin, 1642 --
This web site is intended for anyone interested in the stars and marvels of the history of philosophy from the 16th through the 18th century. This web site is also the Home Port for a class here at Oregon State University: Phl 302, Winter 1997.

Clandestine E-Texts
Clandestine E-Texts from the Eighteenth Century. Edited by Gianluca Mori. This site is based at the University of Turin-Vercelli - Updated: March 1998.
Very interesting and useful site.


 Early Modern to 19th Century Philosophy
18th Century Resources: http://www.english.upenn.edu/~jlynch/18th/index.html This site, maintained by Jack Lynch (jlynch@english.upenn.edu), provides a searchable catalogue of links to modern philosophy sites. Many other links, texts on-line. Very interesting site.
 

Eighteenth-Century Resources
Eighteenth-Century Resources These pages are the labor of love of Jack Lynch. Please send suggestions and corrections to jlynch@english.upenn.edu. Last updated 9 January 1998.
 

Famous Dead Non-theists
A list of famous dead people who have rejected God and religion. The purposes of the list are to combat the pervasive myth that atheists are terrible, immoral people and to convince fence-sitters that it is OK to be an atheist.
 

Idealism versus Materialism
From the earliest Greek philosophy of which European philosophy is but a continuation, the philosopher has had to contend with the question: How is reality known? The answer given contains two principal viewpoints, the materialist and the idealist. FromWikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia : «Wikipedia is a multilingual project to create a complete and accurate open content encyclopedia. We started in January 2001 and are currently working on 146827 articles in the English version».
About the same field, the chapter: «A Humanism Between Materialism And Idealism», from the book Undestandig conflicts and war, by R.J. Rummel (University of Hawai'i).
 

Mathematicians of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Available here are accounts of the lives and works of seventeenth and eighteenth century mathematicians. The history of mathematics, by the School of Mathematics, Trinity College, Dublin. 
 

Religious and Moral Philosophy in the Victorian Era
Philosophy Overview. The Victorian Web. Literature, History and Culture at the Age of Victoria.Main Currents in Victorian Intellectual History -- Some Handy Oversimplifications . * Bentham and Coleridge: Seminal Minds * Timeline of English Philosophy and Religion * Empiricism * John Locke * John Locke's Neoclassical Program for Philosophy * Patriarchal Theory: Locke's refutation of Robert Filmer's Patriarcha.


 

17th & 18th Century Women Philosophers
Notes on the Women Philosophers of the 17th and 18th Centuries. Histories. Anthologies. Particular Women Philosophers. A Bibliography.

 



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3. Siti di interesse generale


THE ELECTRONIC PHILOSOPHY LIBRARY
Books and texts frome the most important authors in history of western philosphy.




PROJECTO FILOSOFIA EN ESPANOL
El Proyecto Filosofía en español es una estructura que impulsa la creación, el mantenimiento y la difusión de diversos recursos documentales, ediciones digitales o electrónicas y otros mecanismos que facilitan la comunicación, con vocación de incorporar cuanto tenga que ver con la filosofía escrita en lengua española. Se puede consultar libremente desde cualquier lugar del mundo utilizando las posibilidades que ofrece internet.




HUMANUM
This is a research oriented web site maintained by the Humanities Computing and Methodology Programme of the Research Institute for the Humanities (RIH), Faculty of Arts, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Our task is twofold: namely, 1) meta-indicing humanities resources worldwide, and 2) develop texts, tools and pages covering various interests in the humanistic scholarship. It contain a Philosophy Resources Web Site.


 Institut d'Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques
L'Institut d'Histoire des Sciences a été fondé le 28 janvier 1932 à la Faculté des lettres de l'Université de Paris, sur la proposition d'A. Rey, titulaire après G. Milhaud, de la chaire d'«histoire de la philosophie dans ses rapports avec les sciences» de la Sorbonne. Cette création répondait aux souhaits émis lors des premiers congrès internationaux d'historiens des sciences. L'Institut devint en 1933 l'Institut d'Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques et fut rattaché aux cinq Facultés de l'Université de Paris. A son premier comité directeur on relève parmi d'autres, les noms de scientifiques comme L. de Broglie, L. Brillouin, E. Cartan, J. Perrin, P. Langevin, de philosophes comme E. Bréhier, L. Brunschwicg, E; Gilson, A. Koyré, A. Lalande, L. Robin.


  Union Rationaliste
Le site de la société fondée dans les années 1930 sous l'impulsion, en particulier, du physicien Paul Langevin, qui se reclame de l'esprit de recherche, de réflexion et d'action propre de la philsophie des Lumières: «Le rationalisme est d'abord la reconnaissance du rôle fondamental de la raison dans l'aventure humaine».


 17th & 18th Century Image Gallery
** Pinacotheca ** Collected by Ron Bombardi Department of Philosophy. Middle Tennessee State University. Portraits.


 Encyclopaedia Britannica - Philosophy
An universal resource for finding out about philosophy in all over the fields, including basic introductions to the life and work of major thinkers. 


 Philosophical Writing Manual (Long Version)
by Martin Young – "The biggest improvement always comes when you realize that you don't know what you're doing."
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British Library - London
The site of the greatest library of modern texts, on web (registered books since 1975).


 Grande Bibliothèque Nationale de France
Catalogue on-line, renouvelé, des fonds de la BN, dans son nouvel établissement à Tolbiac.


 Guide to Philosophy on the Internet
By Peter Suber, Philosophy Department, Earlham College. Welcome to my collection of online philosophy resources.


 

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PHILOSOPHY RESOURCES
The goal of this list is to be useful not comprehensive. Several fairly comprehensive sites exist with certain strengths and weaknesses; you can find pointers to them here. The number of philosophy-related sites can be overwhelming, and some are far more useful, helpful, and current than others.

POLYHYMNIA's List of Philosophy Mailing List
POLYHYMNIA'S list of hand-picked philosophy resource links, designed to maximize productive clicking and minimize redundancy. Filosofi in discussione. General Philosophical Issue and Announcement. Philosophy of Sciences, Sciences studies. Applied Philosophy.


 «Immaginare l'Europa»
"Cittadini d'Europa... Cittadini del mondo!". Il primo Thematic Network europeo di Filosofia, finanziato dalla Commissione Europea DG22, Programma Socrates/Erasmus, su "Philosophy, Cultural studies, historical studies. Curricula and disciplines in the Humanities". Contiene iniziative in corso, testi, recensioni e documenti relativi alla formazione e allo sviluppo di un coscienza comune europea, a livello universitario, per una cittadinanza/identità allargata nel vecchio continente-mosaico che cambia.
Last Updated : May 2000.
 

 


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4. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Autori 

Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) 
B. was born the eldest son in an aristocratic family and educated at a Jesuit school.

George Berkeley (1685-1753)
Life and Writings. – Berkeley was born at Dysert Castle, near Thomastown, Ireland, on March 12, 1685. He studied at Trinity College Dublin and received a B.A. (1704), M.A. and fellow (1707). He filled various college offices includ ing tutor, Junior Dean, and Junior Greek Lecturer. He lived there in an atmosphere "charged with the elements of reaction against traditional scholasticism in physics and metaphysics.

Joseph Butler (1692-1752)
B. was born into a Presbyterian family at Wantage. He attended a dissenting academy, but then converted to the Church.

Ralph Cudworth (1617-1688)
Member of seventeenth century school of philosophers known as the "Cambridge Platonists"; b. at Aller, in Somersetshire (12 m. s.w. of. Wells).

René Descartes (1596-1650)
D: is one of the most important Western philosophers of the past few centuries. During his lifetime, Descartes was just as famous as an original physicist, physiologist and mathematician. But it is as a highly original philosopher that he is most frequently read today. He attempted to restart philosophy in a fresh direction.

Denis Diderot (1713-1784) 
D. was the most prominent of the French Encyclopedists. He was educated by the Jesuits, and, refusing to enter one of the learned professions was turned adrift by his father and came to Paris.

Encyclopedists
It is the name usually applied to the group of French philosophers and men of letters who collaborated in the production of the famous Encyclopédie (1751-1772).

Erasmus (1466-1536)
Life. – Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, Dutch humanist and theologian, was born at Rotterdam, Holland, October 27, probably 1466. He died at Basel, Switzerland, on July 12, 1536. Information about his family and his early life comes from a few meager accounts he himself wrote or suggested at a somewhat advanced age, and from the many vague references which appear in his writings at all periods of his life.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
G., Italian physicist and astronomer, was born at Pisa February 15, 1564 and died at Arcetri, near Florence, January 8, 1642. In 1581 he entered the University of Pisa to study medicine and the Aristotelian philosophy, but soon abandoned medicine for mathematics and physical science.

William Hamilton (1788-1856)
Life and Writings. * Philosophy Views.Scottish philosopher, born at Glasgow March 8, 1788, died. at Edinburgh May 6, 1856. He studied first in Glasgow University, where his father had been professor of anatomy and botany; took a course in medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1806-07; and in May, 1807, entered Balliol College, Oxford.

Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715-1771)
French philosopher; born in Paris January, 1715; died there Dec. 26, 1771. He studied at the College Louis-le Grand, and in 1738 received the lucrative post of farmer-general, which, however, he soon exchanged for the position of chamberlain to the queen.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
EARLY LIFE. Thomas Hobbes was born at Westport, adjoining Malmesbury in Wiltshire, on April 5, 1588. His father, the vicar of the parish (so John Aubery tells us), "was one of the ignorant Sir Johns of Queen Elizabeth's time, could only read the prayers of the church and the homilies, and valued not learning, as not knowing the sweetness of it" .

David Hume (1711-1776)
Life and Writings. "Hume is our Politics, Hume is our Trade, Hume is our Philosophy, Hume is our Religion." This statement by 19th century British idealist philosopher James Hutchison Stirling reflects a unique position that David Hume holds in intellectual thought.

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743-1819)
German philosopher; born at Dusseldorf January. 25,1743; died at Munich March. 10, 1819. He studied at Frankfort and Geneva, and in 1764 became the head of his father's business in Dusseldorf. After his appointment to the council for the duchies of Julich and Berg in 1772 he devoted himself entirely to literature and philosophy.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)
Metaphysics. Life. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was born in Leipzig, Germany, on July 1, 1646.  He was the son of a professor moral philosophy, and after university study in Leipzig and elsewhere, it would have been natural for him to go into academia. 

John Locke (1632-1704)
The philosopher was born at Wrington, a village in Somerset, on August 29, 1632. He was the son of a country solicitor and small landowner who, when the civil war broke out, served as a captain of horse in the parliamentary army. "I no sooner perceived myself in the world than I found myself in a storm," he wrote long afterwards, during the lull in the storm which followed the king's return.

Lucretius (c. 99 - c. 55 BCE)
Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Carus) was a Roman poet and the author of the philosophical epic De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of the Universe), a comprehensive exposition of the Epicurean world-view.

Martin Luther (1483-1546)
German theologian, professor, pastor, and church reformer.Luther began the Protestant Reformation with the publication of his Ninety-Five Theses on October 31, 1517.In the Ninety-Five Theses he attacked the Church’s sale of indulgences.

Nicholas Malebranche (1638-1715)
Life. – The most influential and original of the Cartesian philosophers was Nicholas Malebranche (1638-1715). Deformed and sickly, Malebranche was born in Paris and from his childhood preferred solitude. He studied theology at the Sorbonne, and at age 22 entered the Congregation of the Oratory where he spent the rest of his life in seclusion.

William Paley (1743-1805)
English theologian; born at Peterborough (37 m. n.e. of Northampton) July, 1743; died at Lincoln May 25, 1805.

Pascal's Wager
Blaise Pascal offers a pragmatic reason for believing in God: even under the assumption that God’s existence is unlikely, the potential benefits of believing are so vast as to make betting on theism rational. Critics in turn have raised a number of now-classic challenges.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
French deistic philosopher and author; b. at Geneva June 28, 1712; d. at Ermenonville (28 m. n.e. of Paris) July 2, 1778. His mother died at his birth, and his father, a dissipated and violent-tempered man, paid little attention to the son's training, and finally deserted him. The latter developed a passion for reading, with a special fondness for Plutarch's Lives.

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of (1671- 1713)
Anthony Ashley Cooper was the grandson of the first Earl of Shaftesbury. He was Locke's patron, and was himself educated under Locke's supervision. His weak health prevented him from following an active political career, and his life was mainly devoted to intellectual interests. After two or three unhappy years of school life at Winchester, he traveled abroad, chiefly in Italy, with a tutor.

Spinoza, Benedict (Baruch) (1632- 1677)
Life – Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza (1632-1677) was the son of a Jewish merchant from Amsterdam. His father and grandfather were originally Spanish crypto-Jews -- that is, Jews who were forced to adopt Christianity in post-Islamic Spain, but secretly remained Jewish. He was educated in traditional Jewish Curriculum.


Nozioni e problemi

Active Powers
In 18th and 19th century Scottish common sense philosophy, the term "active powers" refers to the capacities of impulse and desire which lead to or determine human action. It is distinguished from intellectual powers which involve the capacities of reasoning, judging and conceiving.

Affection
In the history of ethics, the term "affection" referred to a subset of emotions which were frequently designated as being less violent and less sensuous than "passions".

Deism (English)
LORD HERBERT OF CHERBURY. The beginnings of English Deism appear in the seventeenth century. Its main principles are to be found in the writings of this philosopher and diplomat (d. 1648).

Deism (French)
With other English influences Deism entered France, where, however, only its materialistic and revolutionary phases were seized upon.

Divine Command Theory
The divine command theory is the view that moral actions are those which conform to God's will.

Duties
A duty is a moral obligation an agent has towards another person, such as the duty not to lie. 

Empiricisme (British)
"British Empiricism" refers to the 18th century philosophical movement in Great Britain which maintained that all knowledge comes from experience.

Faith and Reason
Introduction. – Faith and reason are both sources of authority upon which beliefs can rest. Reason generally is understood as the principles for a methodological inquiry, whether intellectual, moral, aesthetic, or religious.

God, Western Philosophical Concepts of
Ancient and Early Medieval. – Plato viewed as the highest of all things the good that was above all being and all knowledge, identified it with the divine nous, and attempted to raise the human spirit into the realm of ideas, into a likeness with the Godhead.

Liberalism
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Many other links.

Miracles
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Many other links.

Modern Skepticism
Since the publication of Popkin's History of Skepticism, the strong influence of Greek skepticism on modern philosophy is now an accepted fact. In this and other publications Popkin traces the impact of skepticism on modern philosophy from 16th century editions of Sextus Empiricus to its ultimate resolution in the writings of the "new Pyrrho": David Hume. See the page by P. Suber: «Classical skepticism».

Monism
The term monism was first used by Christian Wolff in his discussions of the mind-body problem to depict both philosophers who would only acknowledge the mind (idealism or mentalism) and philosophers who only acknowledged the body (materialism).

Natural Theology
It is the favorite term in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries designating the knowledge of God drawn from nature. 

Pantheism
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Many other links.

Stoicism
General Description. – The term "Stoicism" derives from the Greek word "stoa," referring to a colonnade, such as those built outside or inside temples, around dwelling-houses, gymnasia, and market-places.

Time
Time has been studied by philosophers and scientists for 2,500 years, and although time is much better understood today than long ago, many questions remain to be resolved.

Truth
Philosophers are interested in a constellation of issues involving the concept of truth. A preliminary issue, although somewhat subsidiary, is to decide what sorts of things can be true.

Virtue Theory
It is the view that the foundation of morality is the development of good character traits, or virtues.